Course Inventory

Brief descriptions of Principal Courses, Required Related Courses, and Track Electives for the Environmental Science, Environmental Analysis and Policy, Human Geography and Physical Geography concentrations. For further, more detailed, information on the following courses please check out the related departmental web sites.

Anthropology

CAS AN 362 Culture and Environments

Examins how the social construction of environment, nature, and culture varies cross-culturally and historically as well as how it influences economic change, environmental movements, nature tourism, and public policy. Primary examples include India, China, Native American cultures and the West. Weller. 4 cv, 1st sem. Approved track elective for Human Institutions and International Env. Policy track. Previously AN 582.

CAS AN 538 Human Ecology of Modern Africa

Four themes of twentieth-century change are explored: demographic growth, the redistribution of population through migration and urbanization, the intensification of resource use, and disasters and recoveries. Classic theoriesof the processes are related to African data. Shipton. 4 cr, 1st sem. Approved track elective for Human Institutions and International Env. Policy track.

Biology

CAS BI 107 Biology I

For students who plan to concentrate in the natural sciences or environmental science, and for premedical students. Required for biology concentrators. No prerequisite. High school biology is assumed. Evolution, ecology, and behavior. The evolution and diversity of life; principles of ecology; behavioral biology. Three hours lecture, three hours lab including several weekend field studies. Godrick, Schneider, Sorenson, Traniello, Wasserman. 4 cr, 1st sem. (NS) (lab) Required course for Environmental Science majors.

CAS BI 117 Global Ecology

Not intended for biology concentration credit. Principles of ecology and natural resource conservation as related to modern environmental problems and global environmental change. Topics include: conservation biology and the maintenance of diversity; the structure of biotic communities; ecosystems nutrient cycling; freshwater biology; and eutrophication. Zook. 4 cr, 2nd sem. (NS) Required for Env. Analysis and Policy majors.

CAS BI 303 Evolutionary Ecology

Prereq: CAS BI 107; CAS BI 206 recommended. Investigation of ecological processes and patterns at the individual, population, and community level. An evolutionary approach is emphasized. Three hours lecture, three hours lab. One research paper and one weekend field trip required. Kunz/Finzi. 4 cr, both sem. Required course for Environmental Science majors.

CAS BI 305 Plant Biology

Prereq: CAS BI 107 and 108. A basic introduction to the plant sciences, including plant structure and diversity; reproduction, growth and development; and economic and medicinal uses. Emphasis on new developments in the plant sciences. Staff. 4 cr, 1st sem. Approved track elective for the Biology track.

CAS BI 306

Required for Env. Science majors and in Vegetation/Soils/Landforms track.

CAS BI 407

Approved elective in the Biology track.

CAS BI 414

Approved elective in the Biology track.

CAS BI 417 Biology of Lakes and Rivers

Prereq: CAS BI 107,108, CAS PY 105, 106 and CAS CH 101, 102. Deals with inter-relationships between environmental and biological parameters that determine the function of lakes and rivers as ecosystems. Theoretical aspects and practical application. Three hours lecture, three hours lab, and field trip. Approved elective in the Biology and Hydrology/Soils/Landform tracks.

CAS BI 423 Marine biogeochemistry (EBE)

Prereq: CAS CH 101 and 102, or BUMP semester and cases 144 or consent of instructor. Oceanic nutrient and biogeochemical cycling in the context of the marine response to global change. Links between local and global scales are emphasized. Topics include oceanic productivity, iron limitation, ocean glacial carbon dioxide budget, biogenic particle fluxes, and ocean glacial-interglacial biogeochemistry.Murray. 4 cr, 2nd sem. Approved elective for the Biology and Earth Sciences tracks.

CAS BI/GE 438/638 Tropical Montane Ecology

Ecology of the montane zone of Ecuador including grassland, subalpine, and alpine scrub ecosystems. Examines the interrelationship of the flora and fauna of montane ecosystems, the exploitation of these environments for natural resources and agriculture, and the impending ecological consequences of such exploitation. Includes 15 hours of lecture presented during a two-week period, interspersed with several one- and two-day field trips to surrounding mountains. A total of two weeks is spent in the field. The field trips are dedicated to field activities and individual and group projects. Graduate credit may be awarded to full-time graduate students for conducting additional research projects to be assigned by the instructor. 4 cr.

CAS BI/GE 439/639 Tropical Rainforest Ecology

Ecology of the Ecuadorian rainforest including principles applied to the function of the tropical rainforest, using the Amazon basin as an example. Examines the interrelationship of the flora and fauna of the rainforest ecosystems, the exploitation of these environments for natural resources, and the impending ecological consequences of such exploitation. Includes 35 hours of lecture presented during a two-week period in Quito, followed by weeks of intensive study in the Ecuadorian rainforest. Time in the field is dedicated to field activities, with exposure to different habitats and their respective flora and fauna. A series of directed individual research projects is completed in the field. Graduate credit may be awarded to full-time graduate students for conducting additional research projects to be assigned by the instructor. 4 cr.

CAS BI/GE 440/640 Tropical Coastal Ecology

Ecology of the coastal zone of Ecuador, including a survey of terrestrial and shallow marine ecosystems. Examines the interrelationship of the flora and fauna of coastal Ecuador, the exploitation of this environment for natural resources, and the impending ecological consequences of such exploitation. Includes 25 hours of lecture presented during a two-week period in Quito, followed by two weeks of intensive study along the coast of Ecuador. The field trips are dedicated to sampling and observation and both individual and group projects. Graduate credit may be awarded to full-time graduate students who conduct additional research projects to be assigned by the instructor. 4 cr.

CAS BI/GE 441/641 Studies in Tropical Ecology

Ecology of tropical Ecuador. A capstone course in tropical ecology that immediately follows the series of the three field-based courses: Tropical Rainforest Ecology, Tropical Montane Ecology, and Tropical Coastal Ecology. Focuses on the evaluation and statistical analysis of previous data collected in the field, extensive library research, and preparation of individual and group reports. Graduate credit may be awarded to full-time graduate students who conduct additional research projects to be assigned by the instructor. 4 cr

CAS BI 443 Terrestrial biogeochemistry

Prereq: BI 107 or ES 101 or ES 105; AND CH 101, 102; or consent of the instructor. An in depth analysis of the patterns and processes controling carbon and element cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. The temporal scale of analysis will cover modern-day control over the distribution and abundance of elements to those that have been operating over millions of years. The spatial scale of analysis will cover local to global processes. The effect of human activity on biogeochemical cycles will be placed within the context of the basic science of biogeochemistry. Finzi. 4 cr, 2nd sem. Approved elective for the Earth Sciences and Biology tracks.

CAS BI 448 Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Prereq: CAS BI 303 or CAs BI 306 or consent of instructor. The study of biological diversity and modern methods to protect endangered plant and animal species. The environment, population and genetic and human factors that affect the survival of species are examined for temperate and tropical communities, as well as terrestrial and aquatic habitats. Three hours lecture, one hour discussion. Primack. 4 cr, 2nd sem. Approved elective for the Biology and Vegetation/Soils/Landforms tracks.

 

Chemistry

CAS CH 101,102 General Chemistry

First semester prereq: two years of high school algebra. For science concentrators who require a two-semester general chemistry course. Stoichiometry, gases, liquids, solids, solutions, equilibrium, thermodynamics, electrochemistry, atomic structure and bonding, kinetics, and selected chemical systems. Laboratory exercises include qualitative analysis. Three hours lecture, one hour discussion, one hour postlab lecture, and three hours lab. Dill, Golger, Keyes, Stavropoulos, Straub, Ziegler, assistants. 4 cr each, both courses 1st & 2nd sem. (NS) (lab) 101 - Required for Environmental Analysis and Policy and Environmental Science Majors. 102 Required for Env. Science majors taking the CH 101 and 102 sequence.

CAS CH 109, 110

CAS CH 111 and 112 General and Quantitative Analytical Chmistry

First semester preerq: one year of high school chemistry, two years of high school algebra, and chistry placement examination. Second semester prereq: CH 111. Intensive two-semester sequence for well-prepared students concentrating in chemistry or other sciences. Priority given to chemistry concentrators. Brief review of stoichiometry, gas laws; extensive equilibira, thermodynamics, atomic and molecular structure, kinetics; application of principles to selected elements and compounds. Correlated laboratory experiments emphasizing applications of quantitative analysis. Three hours lecture, one hour discussion, one hour lab lecture, and eight hours lab. Required course for Env. Science majors taking the CH 111 and 112 sequence.

CAS CH 171, 172

Economics

CAS EC 101 Introductory Microeconomic Analysis

The first semester of a standard two-semester sequence for those considering further work in management or economics. Coverage includes economics of households, business firms, and markets; consumer behavior and the demand for commodities; production, costs, and the supply of commodities; price determination; competition and monopoly; efficiency of resource allocation; sem. (SS) Required for Env. Analysis and Policy majors. Principal course choice for Economic Geography and Human Geography majors.

CAS EC 111

Principal course choice for Human Geography and Economic Geography tracks.

CAS EC 201 Intermediate Microeconomic Analysis

Prereq: CAS EC 101 or EC 111. Determination of commodity prices and factor prices under the differing market conditions of competition and monopoly. Staff. 4 cr, either sem.

CAS EC 202 Intermediate Macroeconomic Analysis

Prereq: CAS EC 102 or EC 112. Determination of aggregate income and employment. Analysis of fiscal and monetary policy. Inflation and incomes policy. Problems of the open economy. Staff. 4 cr, either sem.

CAS EC 305 Economic Statistics

Prereq: CAS EC 101 or EC 111 and EC 102 or EC 112. Introduction to fundamentals of statistical inference, estimation and tests of hypotheses, regression and analysis of variance, nonparametric statistics, and applications using automatic computation programmed packages. Staff. 4 cr, either sem. Statistics option for Environmental Analysis and Policy majors.

CAS EC 320 Economics of Less-Developed Regions

Prereq: CAS EC 101 or EC 111 and EC 102 or EC 112. Theoretical and empirical examination of the structural changes associated with the process of economic development; special reference to poor regions and countries; rigorous analysis of criteria for policy judgments in developing planning and programming. Ellis. 4 cr, either sem Approved track elective for the Economic and Policy Analysis track, Human Institutions track, the Int'l Env. Policy track and the Economic Geography track, and Human Geography majors.

CAS EC 337 Economic Analysis of Legal Issues

Prereq: CAS EC 101 or EC 111. Economic analysis of current important legal issues. Contributions of economics to analysis of contracts, torts property, and crime. Effects of property rights on allocation of resources and distribution of income. Market and nonmarket schemes of regulating the environment. Weiss. 4 cr, 1st sem. Approved track elective in the Economic and Policy Analysis tracks.

CAS EC 356

Approved for Economic Geography track and Human Geography majors.

CAS EC 377 Government, Business and Labor

Prereq: CAS EC 201 or CAS EC 211 or CAS EC 303. Examines economic growth from the perspective of the structure, conduct, and performance of business. Combines economic theories of conduct and strategy with industry case studies and evaluates the effect of government policy toward business and labor on the performance of the economy. Approved for the Economic Geography track and Human Geography majors.

CAS EC 538 Advanced Topics in Law and Economics

Prereq: CAS EC 303 or EC 337. Advanced topics in the economic analysis of legal issues, including corporate, securities, employment, and bankruptcy law. Term paper requried. Weiss. 4 cr, 2nd sem. Approved elective for the Economic and Policy Analysis track.

CAS EC 571 Energy and Environmental Economics

Prereq: CAS EC 303 or EC 501. Environmental resources and markets characterized from physical, economic, and legal standpoints. Welfare arguments for public sector intervention. Methodologies for policy assessment and simulation analyzed, including project analysis, new technology, evaluation models, deterministic and econometric models. Vogelsang. 4 cr, 1st sem. Approved track elective for Economic and Policy Analysis track.

Energy and Environment

CAS GE 275 Introduction to Quantitative Environmental Modeling

Prereq: CAS MA 115 or MA 213 or equivalent. Introduces students to quantitative models of environmental systems. Emphasizes application of quantitative models to environmental problem solving. Includes computer exercises with examples from current environmental issues such as population growth, pollution transport, and biodiversity. Patt. 4 cr, 1st sem. Required for Env. Analysis and Policy majors. Approved elective in the Physical Geography methods track.

CAS GE 309 Intermediate Environmental Analysis

CAS GE 310 Climate and Environment

Required course for Environmental Science majors.

CAS GE/HI 394 Environmental History of Africa

Focus on the African environment and ecological systems over the past 150 years. Topics include climatic change, hydrography, agriculture, deforestation, soil erosion, disease, conservation, famine, and the role of colonialism and government policy in environmental change. McCann. 4 cr, 2nd sem.

CAS GE 420 Methods of Environmental Policy Analysis

CAS GE 425 U.S. Environmental Policy

Prereq: CAS EC 101 and CAS GE 100. Survey of key environmental policies and regulations in the United States. Emphasis on the process of environmental policy development including formulation and implementation of federal pollution control regulations since the National Environmental Policy Act of 1970. Provides a historical overview of U.S. environmental policy and possible future policy needs. Sue Wing. 4 cr, 1st sem. Required for Env. Analysis and Policy majors; option for Env. Sceience policy requirement.

CAS GE 504 International Resources and Environmental Issues and Management

Prereq: consent of instructor. Outline of major international resource and environmental challenges facing mankind. Explores policy management options in the international arena. Topics include: resources and national security, energy and development, transboundary air and water pollution, genetic resources and species extinction, and food security. Lakshmanan. 4 cr, 1st sem. Approved elective in the Geography and Climate tracks.

CAS GE 511 Ecological Economics

Prereq: CAS GE 304 or CAS EC 303; and GE 275. Interrelationships among population, economic growth, environment, energy, and natural resource supplies, particularly in developing countries. Focus on possibilities and and environment. Critical examination of large-scale economic environmental models. Faculty. 4 cr, 2nd sem. Approved elective for the Economic and Policy Analysis track and a Human Geography elective.

CAS GE 519 Energy, Society and the Environment

 

CAS GE 520 Topics in Energy and Environmental Policy

Prereq: consent of instructor. Topics vary from year to year and may include policy aspects of environmental regulation, risk assessment and environmental decision making, international environmental policy, natural resource policy, and energy policy. Faculty. 4 cr, either sem. Approved elective for Human Institutions and Economic and Policy track.

CAS GE 550 Modeling Environmental and Social Systems

Requires stamped approval. Prereq: CAS EE 275 and CAS EC 414. Techniques for organizing energy, environmental, or social systems into mathematical computer models. Class includes the theory underlying different modeling techniques, programming skills, and a hands-on research project in which students develop their own models. 4 cr, 1st sem. Approved track elective for the Env. Modeling track and Techniques in Environmental Science track.

CAS GE/IR 594 Global Environmental Negotiation and Policy

Key concepts, actors, concerns, and issues related to the process of negotiating global environmental policies. Overviews of the international system and environmental problematic; and international negotiation simulation; case studies of global agreements on ozone depletion, climate change, desertification, and biodiversity, among others. Staff. 4 cr, 1st sem. Approved elective for the Int'l Env. Policy track.

Earth Sciences

CAS ES 105 Environmental Earth Sciences

Geological processes in environmental science; groundwater quantity and quality; geological resource supply and recovery; earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and other natural hazards; landforms, climate, desertification, glaciation, and ocean circulation patterns. Three hours lecture, two hours lab, including field trips. Staff. 4 cr, either sem. (NS) (lab) Required course for all Env. Science majors. Optional Required Related course for Env. Analysis and Policy majors.

CAS ES 202 History of the Earth

Introduction to earth history; origin of the earth, life on earth, and subsequent evolution; development of the sedimentary record of earth history, geological time scale; interplay between chemical, biological, and geological systems over time; continental drift and past climates. Three hours lecture, two hours lab, with occasional field trips. Staff. 4 cr, 2nd sem. (NS) (lab)

CAS ES 220 Earth's Geological Resources

Prereq: CAS ES 101 or 105 or consent of instructor. Origin of nonrenewable resources, their occurrence, extraction, and recovery: petroleum, coal, and gas; minerals, rock, and metals. Geological limitations to renewable resources: wind, solar, geothermal, and tidal energy; groundwater; soils. Includes discussion of public policy. Coleman. 4 cr, 2nd sem

CAS ES 222 Mineralogy

Prereq: CAS ES 101 or 105, and CAS CH 101 or 161. Introduction to crystal symmetry; physical and chemical properties of minerals; examination and identification of important mineral groups. Three hours lecture, four hours lab. Erikson. 4 cr, 1st sem. Approved track elective for Env. Science majors and Earth Sciences track.

CAS ES 301 Structural Analysis of Rocks

Prereq: CAS ES 202. Deformation of rocks and minerals, stress, strain; kinetic and dynamic analysis of folds, faults, joints, rock fabrics; regional settings of rock structures; interpretation of geological maps. Three hours lecture, three hours lab, and occasional field trips. Staff. 4 cr, 2nd sem. Approved elective for the Earth sciences track.

CAS ES 317 Introduction to Hydrogeology and Water Chemistry

Prereq: CAS ES 101 or 105. An introduction to surface water and groundwater; the Water Cycle and the Water Budget; groundwater flow to wells; streamflow measurements; floods; water chemistry and pollution; water law. Salvucci. 4 cr, 2nd sem. Required for Env. Science majors.

CAS ES 331 Sedimentology

Prereq: CAS ES 101 or 105 and ES 202, or consent of instructor. Properties and classification of clastic and carbonate sediments and sedimentary rock; processes that form, transport, and deposit sediments; environments of deposition; diagenesis; methods of analysis. Three hours lecture, three hours lab, and occasional field trips. FitzGerald. 4 cr, 1st sem. Approved track elective for the Earth Sciences track.

CAS ES 333 Earth Surface Processes

Prereq: CAS ES 101, 105, 142, or 144. Evolution of Earth's landscapes. Topics include weathering rates, soil development, mass-movements and slope stability, desert geomorphology, tectonic landforms, and the effects of climate change in landform development. Marchant. 4 cr, 2nd sem. Approved elective for the Geographical Analaysis track.

CAS ES 351 Paleoclimatology and Paleoceanography

Prereq: CAS ES 101 or 105 or 142 or 144 or 202. CAS GG 101 recommended. Examines causes and effects of climate change throughout Earth's history. Topics include ice age climates and glaciations; oceanic history; linkages between Arctic and Antarctic ice sheets; tectonic effects; ice-core, coral, and marine sediment records; El Niño, terrestrial extinctions. Offered alternate years.) Marchant, Murray. 4 cr, 2nd sem.

CAS ES 371 Introduction to Geochemistry

Prereq: CAS ES 101 or 105 and CAS CH 101 and 102. Chemical features of Earth and the solar system; geochemical cycles, reactions among solids, liquids, and gases; radioactivity and isotope fractionation; water chemistry; origins of ore deposits; applications of geochemistry to regional and global problems. Staff. 4 cr, 2nd sem.

CAS ES 423 Marine Biogeochemistry

Prereq: CAS CH 101 and 102, BUMP semester, CAS ES 144, or consent of instructor. Oceanic nutrient and biogeochemical cycling in the context of the marine response to global change. Links between local and global scales are emphasized. Topics include oceanic productivity, iron limitation, and oceanic glacial-interglacial biogeochemistry. Three hours lecture, one hour discussion. (Offered alternate years.) Murray. 4 cr, 2nd sem. Approved elective for the Earth Sciences track.

CAS ES 483 Geodynamics II: Fluids and Fluid Transport

Prereq: CAS MA 124 or 127 or 129 and CAS PY 211 and CAS ES 360 or consent of instructor. Large- and small-scale phenomena in oceanic, atmospheric, and landsurface fluids. Properties of gases and liquids; surface body forces; statics; flow analysis; continuity and momentum conservation. Darcy's Law; potential, open channel, and geostrophic flow; dimensional analysis; diffusion, turbulence. (Offered alternate years.) Salvucci. 4 cr, 2nd sem.

CAS ES 511 Groundwater Hydrogeology

Prereq: CAS ES 331 and ES 317 or graduate standing. The hydrologic cycle; porosity and permeability of aquifers, aquifer testing; groundwater flow and flownets and boundary conditions; water pollution. Two hours lab, occasional field trips. Caldwell. 4 cr, 2nd sem.

CAS ES 514 Dynamic Landsurface Hydrology

Prereq: CAS MA 121 or 123 or 127 and one course from CAS CH 101, 111, 131, 161, 171, or CAS PY 105, 211, 251. Land surface hydrology with emphasis on the unsaturated zone. Development and applications of physics governing transport of water, vapor, and heat in soils and the near surface atmosphere. Effects of vegetation, topography, and water table on runoff, evapotranspiration, and recharge. (Offered alternate years.) Salvucci. 4 cr, 1st sem. Approved track elective for the Earth Sciences track.

CAS ES 541 Coastal Processes

Prereq: CAS ES 331 or consent of instructor. Shorelines as functions of tidal and wave energy; onshore, offshore, and alongshore sediment transport from theoretical and empirical viewpoints; barrier island, backbarrier and tidal inlet morphology and processes; wave dynamics; tides. Two hours lecture, three hours lab/fieldwork. FitzGerald. 4 cr, 2nd sem. Approved elective for the Earth sciences track.

CAS ES 573 Analytical Methods in Geochemistry

Prereq: CAS ES 331 and CAS ES 222, or CAS ES 371 and CAS CH 102. Introduces students to quantitative analytical techniques used in geology, including x-ray, optical emission, mass spectrometric, and neutron activation methods. Examples are drawn from igneous and sedimentary systems. Emphasizes criteria for selecting and using techniques appropriate to specific geologic problems. Three hours lecture, two hours lab. (Offered alternate years.) Kurtz. 4 cr, 1st sem. Approved track elective for the Earth Sciences track.

Geography

CAS GG 100 Introduction to Environmental Science

Introduction to basic physical, ecological, and environmental concepts underlying the relationship between human society and the natural environment. Evaluation of problems and options available in dealing with the areas of natural resources, pollution, environmental degradation, and population growth. Cleveland, Kaufmann. 4 cr, either sem. (SS) Required for Env. Analysis and Policy and Env. Science majors.

CAS GG 101 Natural Environments: The Atmosphere

An introduction to weather and climate. Topics include the controls of weather and climate, day-to-day variations in weather, severe storms, climates of the world, urban climate and air pollution, past climates and climatic change, and the impact of climatic variations on society. Anderson. 4 cr, either sem. (NS) (lab) Required for Env. Sceince majors. Approved natural science course for Env. Analysis and policy majors.

CAS GG 103 Economic Geography

Factors influencing the spatial organization of economic activity, including the spatial structure of urban regions, principles of regional trade and interaction, transportation networds, and spatial diffusion systems. Emphasis on the locatino of economic activity and spatial aspects of area development. Anderson. 4 cr, 2nd sem.

CAS GG 104 Natural Environments: The Physical Landscape

Introduction to controls that shape the ecosystems and landscape of the earth. Vegetation and soils of the forests, deserts, grasslands, and tropics. The work of rivers, glaciers, oceans, and volcanoes in sculpturing the earth's surface. History of the national landscape. Friedl. 4 cr, 2nd sem. (NS) (lab)

CAS GG 201 World Regional Geography I

Overview of the special combination of environmental, historical, economic, and organizational qualities of the regions of the Old World, including Western and Eastern Europe, the former Soviet Union, East and South Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. Emphasis on current issues of regional and global development. Dezzani, Gopal. 4 cr, either sem. (SS) Approved track elective for the Human Institutions track and the Int'l Env. Policy track.

CAS GG 202 World Regional Geography II

Geographic themes and concepts are used to examine the developed countries in North America, Australia, and New Zealand, and developing countries in Central and South America. Emphasis is on the current issues in their environmental, social, demographic, and resource bases, as well as other aspects of regional development. Gopal. 4 cr, 2nd sem. Approved track elective for the Human Institutions track and the Int'l Env. Policy track.

CAS GG 250 Man and Environment in the Western World

Environmental contribution to the rise and fall of civilizations. Focus is on how the environment influenced the ideas and organization of societies, and how those ideas and power structures allowed the society to flourish or collapse. Interdisciplinary approach that unites ideas from history, ecology, and economics. Kaufmann. 4 cr, 1st sem.

CAS GG 275 Introduction to Quantitative Environmental Modeling

Prereq: CAS MA 115 or CAS MA 213 or equivalent. Introduces students to quantitative models of environmental systems. Emphasizes application of quantitative models to environmental problem solving. Includes computer exercises with examples from current environmental issues such as population growth, pollution transport, and biodiversity. Davidsdottir. 4 cr, 1st sem. Required for Env. Analysis and Policy majors.

CAS GG 300 Geography of World Commerce

Introduction to the components and flows of international commerce. Examines the spatial nature of the world economy and offers explanations for the forces that affect trade, environment, and development. Hasnath. 4 cr, 2nd sem. Approved elective for the Int'l Env. Policy track and the Human Institutions track.

CAS GG 302 Remote Sensing of Environment

Introduction to sensor systems, methodology of remote sensing, and basic concepts of image analysis. Presents the ways in which remotely sensed data can be used in scientific investigations and resource management. Woodcock. 4 cr, 2nd sem. Approved track elective for ALL Env. Science tracks as well as the Env. Modeling track.

CAS GG 303 Biogeography

Analysis of local, regional, and global distributions of plants and animals. Environmental and human influences on those distributions considered; changes resulting from geologically recent climatic fluctuations. Field trips. Woodcock. 4 cr, 1st sem.

CAS GG 304 Alternative Energy and Environmental Futures

Prereq: CAS GG 100 or consent of instructor. The future projection of changes in the environment and energy supply technologies. Focuses on the possibilities and limitations of technological solutions to future resource and environmental problems. Emphasis is given to the relationship among population growth, energy supply activities, and the environment. Davidsdottir. 4 cr, 2nd sem. Required for some Env. Analysis and Policy majors, elective in the Env. Modeling track.

CAS GG 310 Introduction to the Atmosphere

Prereq: CAS GG 101 or equivalent. Understanding the physical processes of the atmosphere, ranging in scale from tornadoes to global winds. Emphasis on providing physical explanations of atmospheric phenomena and the impact of weather on humanity. Satellite and weather modification technology. TBA. 4 cr, 1st sem.

CAS GG 312 Global Climate and Environmental Impact

Prereq: CAS GG 101 or equivalent. Regimes of climates on continental and macroregional scales; classification, geographic distribution, and climatic thresholds of given environments. Impact of climatic fluctuations affecting activities of humankind. Modeling global climate to permit predicting change on regional and global scales is introduced. Myneni. 4 cr, 2nd sem.

CAS GG 323 Advanced Economic Geography

Prereq: CAS GG 103 or consent of instructor. Focuses on the theories and methodologies used by geographers to understand the relationships underlying the location of economic activities in the space-economy. Details the theories of the location of manufacturing establishments and retail sector. Dezzani. 4 cr, 2nd sem.

CAS GG 328 Transportation Geography

Spatial aspects of regional transportation systems. Description of network structure and flows. Relation to regional economic development. Anderson, Lakshmanan. 4 cr, 2nd sem.

CAS GG 331 Political Geography

Geographical treatment of the state's raison d'être, population, territory, resources, economic and political organizations, boundaries, and frontiers. Survey of geopolitical theory, supranational organizations, and world power. Hasnath. 4 cr, either sem. Approved track elective for Human Institutions and Int'l Env. Policy tracks, and for Env. Analysis and Policy majors.

CAS GG 347 Water Resources and Environment

Prereq: one semester of earth science or consent of instructor. The role of water in the natural environment. The global and drainage basin hydrologic cycles. Problems of water resources development and management in urban and rural environments in both developed and developing countries of the world. (Offered alternate years.) Salvucci. 4 cr, 1st sem.

CAS GG 356 Geography of Third World Development

Theory and experience of Third World development. Emphasis on issues of income distribution, geographical and regional inequality, importance of location in development planning, efficiency and equity consideration, and models of and strategies for regional development. Hasnath. 4 cr, 1st sem. Approved track elective for the Int'l Env. Policy track and the Human Institutions track.

CAS GG 365 An Introduction to Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

Prereq: CAS MA 115, or CAS EC 208. Practical hands-on computing experience using GIS for analyzing data from maps and other sources. Analytical functions unique to GIS are emphasized, as are applications in archaeology, land use planning, environmental monitoring, and other fields. Staff. 4 cr, 2nd sem. Approved elective for Earth Sciences, Ecological Sciences, Env. Modeling and Georaphical Analysis tracks.

CAS GG 395 Environment, Natural Hazards, and Human Decision Making

Prereq: consent of instructor. Provides a spatial perspective to the study of natural hazards and examines the interrelationship of environments, natural hazards, and human behavior and decision making. Gopal. 4 cr, 1st sem.

CAS GG 440 Digital Image Processing--Remote Sensing

Prereq: CAS GG 302 or equivalent. Pursues both the algorithms involved in processing remotely sensed images and their application. Topics include spectral and spatial enhancement, image classification and clustering, spatial analysis, and linear transforms. (Offered alternate years.) Strahler, Woodcock. 4 cr, 1st sem.

CAS GG 445 Physical Models in Remote Sensing

Prereq: CAS GG 302 or equivalent. Devoted to understanding the physical processes involved in remote sensing. Emphasis based on topics of radiative transfer in the atmosphere, at the surface, and in sensors. Reflectance modeling, advanced sensor systems, and geometric effects. (Offered alternate years.) Strahler, Woodcock. 4 cr, 1st sem.

CAS GG 446 Remote Sensing of the Lower Atmosphere

Prereq: CAS GG 302 and GG 310 or GG 312 or equivalent. Examines ways of studying the atmosphere using satellite and ground-based remote sensing. Topics covered include the principles of atmospheric remote sensing, aerosol and cloud property retrieval based on scattering and emission, temperature and humidity profile estimates using sounders, and precipitation retrieval with microwave data. (Offered alternate years.) Key. 4 cr, 1st sem.

CAS GG 448 Remote Sensing of Vegetation

Prereq: CAS GG 302 or equivalent. Examines the use of remote sensing to study vegetation. Topics include resource inventory and evaluation for forests and agriculture; ecosystem processes like primary productivity and biogeochemical cycles; and spectral reflectance measurement and models. Offered alternate years.) Myneni, Woodcock. 4 cr, 2nd sem. Approved elective for the Ecological Sciences, Env. Modeling and Geographical Analysis tracks.

CAS GG 483 Geodynamics II: Fluids and Fluid Transport

Prereq: CAS MA 124, MA 127, or MA 129, and CAS PY 211 and CAS ES 360 or consent of instructor. Large- and small-scale phenomena in oceanic, atmospheric, and landsurface fluids. Properties of gases and liquids; surface and body forces; statics; flow analysis; continuity and momentum conservation. Darcy's Law; potential, open channel, and geostrophic flow; dimensional analysis; diffusion, turbulence. (Offered alternate years.) Salvucci. 4 cr, 2nd sem.

CAS GG 502 Advanced Topics in Remote Sensing

Prereq: CAS GG 302. Examines advanced concepts in radiative transfer and information extraction relevant to remote sensing. Emphasis on applications of digital image processing to remote sensing problems. Strahler. 4 cr, 1st sem. Approved track elective for the Geographical Analysis track and the Env. Modeling track.

CAS GG 503 Micrometeorology: Energy and Mass Transfer at the Earth's Surface

Prereq: CAS GG 310, CAS MA 121, and CAS PY 233 or graduate standing. Modern theories and techniques for measurement and analysis of physical processes occuring at the Earth's surface: radiation regimes; energy and mass exchange; agricultural and forest micrometeorology remote sensing and modeling of land surface properties and processes. Friedl. 4 cr, 1st sem.

CAS GG 504 Physical Climatology

Prereq: CAS GG 310 or GG 312 or consent of instructor. Physical principles governing the climate system and the spatial and temporal patterns of weather elements on regional and global scales. Physics of energy, mass, and momentum transfer; the observed state of the atmosphere; climate feedback processes; and climate change. Anderson. 4 cr, 2nd sem. approved elective for the Geographical analysis track.

CAS GG 505 Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

Prereq: CAS GG 365 and CAS MA 213. Provides a theoretical and practical introduction to Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Introduces the essentials in GIS, methods of data capture and sources of data, nature and characteristics of spatial data and objects, data structures, modeling surfaces, volumes and time, and data uncertainty. Emphasis is on applications. Laboratory exercises included. Dezzani. 4 cr, 1st sem. Approved track elective for the Geographical Analysis track.

CAS GG 510 Physical Principles of the Environment

Prereq: CAS BI 306, CAS GG 304, or consent of instructor. Principles and concepts that underlie the physical and ecological forces that cause environmental change. Topics include soil erosion, acid rain, thermal pollution, greenhouse effect, stratospheric ozone depletion, and loss of biodiversity. Dye. 4 cr, 1st sem.

CAS GG 511 Ecological Economics

Prereq: CAS GG 304 or CAS EC 303 and CAS GG 275. Inter-relationships among population, economic growth, environment, energy and natural resource supplies, particularly in developing countries. Focus on possibilities and limitations of technological solutions to pressures of population on resources and environment. Critical examination of selected large-scale economic environmental models. Davidsdottir. 4 cr, 2nd sem. Approved elective for the Economic and Policy Analysis track.

CAS GG 512 Global Climate Change: Policy, Modeling and Analysis

This course will introduce students to the current landscape of policies to slow global warming, and then economic issues that spring therefrom. Students will receive a thorough grounding in the methods for analyzing these policies by learning to construct and operate computational energy-environmental-economic simulation models. Through exercises students will gain familiarity with the modeling techniques and software systems that define the state of the technical art in climate policy analysis. Sue Wing. 4 cr, 2nd sem. Approved elective for the Env. Modeling and Economic and Policy Analysis tracks.

CAS GG 514 Dynamic Land Surface Hydrology

Prereq: one course from CAS MA 121, 123, or 127; and one course from CAS CH 101, 111, 131, 161, 171, or CAS PY 105, 211, 233, 251. Land surface hydrology with emphasis on the unsaturated zone. Development and applications of physics governing transport of water, vapor, and heat in soils and the near surface atmosphere. Effects of vegetation, topography, and water table runoff, evapotranspiration, and recharge. (Offered alternate years.) Salvucci. 4 cr, 1st sem.

CAS GG 517 Models for Hydrologic Analysis

Prereq: consent of instructor. Principles and practices of modeling hydrologic systems. Classes and goals of hydrologic models. Methods of model selection and construction. Use of models in surface and groundwater hydrology studies and decision making. Emphasis on conceptual and stochastic hydrologic models. (Offered alternate years.) Salvucci. 4 cr, 2nd sem.

CAS GG 518 Natural Resource Scarcity and Economic Growth

Prereq: CAS GG 304 and CAS EC 303, and CAS GG 275, or consent of instructor. Perspectives on adequacy issues of natural resources. Comparison of different models of change in the quality and quantity of renewable and nonrenewable resources over time. Analysis of social and economic implications of resource depletion and degradation, and adequacy of technical change to overcome resource scarcity. Cleveland. 4 cr, 2nd sem.

CAS GG 529 Modeling and Monitoring Terrestrial Ecosystem Processes

Prereq: CAS GG 302 and CAS BI 306 or 303, or equivalents. (Meets with CAS BI 529.) Concepts and problems at the interface of ecosystem process modeling and satellite remote sensing; current methods and challenges in modeling terrestrial primary production at regional-to-global scales; capabilities, limitations and prospects of satellite remote sensing as a tool for collecting biotic and abiotic data in ecosystem process studies. Dye. 4 cr, 2nd sem.

CAS GG 531 Political Geography of the International System

Examination of the national states and the international system, particularly in the areas of trade, cooperation and the economic order, geopolitics and strategy, natural resources, and environmental problems. Lakshmanan. 4 cr, 1st sem.

CAS GG 541 Economic Geography of Transport

Examines the role of transportation in national and regional economies. Topics include regulation, deregulation, and privatization of transport system; logistical innovations and intelligent transport; economic impact of infrastructure; analysis and policy of traffic congestion and pollution; public transport in cities; and transport in developing countries. Lakshmanan. 4 cr, 2nd sem.

CAS GG 542 Models of Urban Transportation Systems

Prereq: CAS GG 365 or consent of instructor. Models for analyzing multi-modal transportation flows and congestion over urban road and transit networks. Applications are developed in a Geographical Information Systems environment. Models are extended to urban land use and air quality applications. Anderson. 4 cr, 1st sem. Approved track elective for the Env. Modeling track.

CAS GG 550 Modeling Environmental and Social Systems

Requires stamped approval. Prereq: CAS GG 275, CAS EC 414, or consent of instructor. Techniques of organizing energy, environmental, or social systems into mathematical computer models. Includes the theory underlying different modeling techniques, programming skills, and a hands-on research project in which students develop their own models. Davidsottir. 4 cr, 1st sem. Approved track elective for the Env. Modeling track as well as all Env. Science tracks.

CAS GG 565 Environmental Analysis and Modeling Using GIS

Prereq: CAS BI 306, CAS GG 365, and CAS MA 121, or consent of instructor. Modeling and analysis of environmental systems using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Environmental data and spatial data analysis; simulation modeling of geophysical and ecological systems; use of land information systems and spatial decision support systems in environmental planning and management. Friedl. 4 cr, 2nd sem.

History

CAS HI 394 Environmental History of Africa

Focus on the African environment and ecological systems over the past 150 years. Topics include climatic change, hydrography, agriculture, deforestation, soil erosion, disease, conservation, famine, and the role of colonialism and government policy in environmental change. McCann. 4 cr, 2nd sem.

International Relations

IR 271 Introduction to International Relations

Study of basic factors in international relations, Western state systems, the concept of balance of power, nationalism, and imperialism. Corgan. 4 cr, 1st sem. Recommended for students interested in Int’l Env Policy.

IR 390 International Political Economy

Prereq: (CASEC101 & CASEC102) Emphasizes the dynamic interaction between politics and economics to understand and explain historical and contemporary issues in international political economy, including international monetary, trade, investment, financial, and environmental relations. Considers emerging challenges and structures in the international political economy. Thacker. 4 cr, 1st sem. Approved track elective for the Int'l Env. Policy track.

IR 395/PO 352 North-South Relations

Employs a multidisciplinary approach to analyze the relations between the industrialized nations of the "North" and the developing nations of the "South." Addresses historical and current issues in North-South relations, inludcing trade, investmnet, migration, regional economic integration, and the environment. Thacker. 4 cr, 2nd sem. Approved track elective for the Int'l Env. Policy track.

IR 573 International Law and Problems of World Order

The role of international law in efforts to solve current problems of world order. Emphasis on environmental protection and the regulation of ocean space and resources. The role of law in conflict and cooperation, and the quest for internation security. Chehabi. 4 cr, 2nd sem. Approved track elective for the Int'l Env. Policy track.

IR 594 Global Environmental Negotiation Policy

(Meets with EE 594) Key concepts, actors, concerns and issues related to the process of negotiating global environmental policies. Overviews of the international system and environmental problematic; an international negotiation simulation; case studies of global agreement on ozone depletion, climate changes, desertification, and biodiversity among others. Staff. 4cr, 1st sem. Approved track elective for the Human Institutions track.

Mathematics

CAS MA 121 Calculus for the Life and Social Sciences I

Students may receive credit for either CAS MA 121 or 123, but not both. Differentiation and integration of functions of one variable. Same topics as CAS MA 123, but with less emphasis on mathematical generality and more on application. Especially suitable for students concentrating in the biological and social sciences. 4 cr, either sem.

CAS MA 122 Calculus for the Life and Social Sciences II

Students may receive credit for not more than one of the following courses: CAS MA 122, MA 124, MA 127, or MA 129. Prereq: CAS MA 121 or MA 123. Continuation of CAS MA 121. Review of univariate calculus, calculus of the elementary transcendental functions, elementary differential equations, elementary multivariate calculus. Applications to exponential growth, optimization, equilibrium, and dynamic modeling problems. 4 cr, 2nd sem.

CAS MA 123 Calculus I

Limits; derivatives; differentiation of algebraic functions. Applications to maxima, minima, and convexity of functions. The definite integral; the fundamental theorem of integral calculus; applications of integration. 4 cr, either sem. (MCS)

CAS MA 124 Calculus II

Prereq: CAS MA 121 or MA 123. Logarithmic, exponential, and trigonometric functions. Sequences and series; Taylor's series with the remainder. Methods of integration. Calculus I and II together constitute an introduction to calculus of a function of a single real variable. 4 cr, either sem.

CAS MA 213 Basic Statistics and Probability

Prereq: good background in high school algebra. Elementary treatment of probability densities, means, variances, correlation, independence, the binomial distribution, the central limit theorem. Stresses understanding and theoretical manipulation of statistical concepts. 4 cr, either sem. (MCS)

CAS MA 214 Applied Statistics

Prereq: CAS MA 213 or consent of instructor. Inference about proportions, goodness of fit, student's t-distribution, tests for normality; two-sample comparisons, regression and correlation, tests for linearity and outliers, residual analysis, contingency tables, analysis of variance. 4 cr, either sem.

Political Science

CAS PO 241 Introduction to Public Policy

Undergraduate core course. Analysis of several issue areas: civil rights, school desegregation, welfare and social policy, education and urban housing, energy and the environment. Characteristics of policy systems in each issue area are analyzed to identify factors which may affect the content and implementation of public policies. Rossell. 4 cr, 2nd sem. (SS) Approved elective for the Economic and Policy Analysis track.

PO 355 International Political Economy

Prereq: CAS EC 101 & CAS EC 102 (Meets with CAS IR 390). Emphasizes the dynamic interaction between politics and economics to understand and explain historical and contemporary issues in international political economy, including international monetary, trade, investment, financial, and environmental relations. Considers emerging challenges and structures in the international political economy. Thacker. 4 cr, 1st sem. Approved track elective for the Int'l Env. Policy track.

CAS PO 544 Interest Groups, Public Opinion, and the Policy Process

Focuses on public opinion and interest group activities as they affect the policy-making process in the United States. Attention is paid to the role of the media, of lobbying, of litigation, and of the electoral process. Zisk. 4 cr, 2nd sem. Approved elective for the Economic and Policy Analysis track.

CAS PO 625 Political Movements in America

Prereq: CAS PO 211 or consent of instructor. Study of historical and current political movements in United States, including populism, environmentalism, civil rights, peace, and welfare. Why movements arise, why they fail, or why and how they are transformed; what role strategies, values, and leaders play; and what impact these movements have on political institutions and public policy. Zisk. 4 cr, 2nd sem. Approved elective for the Economic Policy Analysis track.

Psychology

CAS PS 564 Environmental Psychology

Prereq: consent of instructor. Interaction of people and environments. Topics include environmental perception, personal space, privacy, crowding, territoriality, social science and the design professions, environmental evaluation, and environmental stress and trauma. Multidisciplinary perspectives encouraged. Kubzansky. 4 cr, 1st sem.

Physics

CAS PY 105, 106 Elementary Physics

Prereq for CAS PY 106: CAS PY 105 or equivalent. Satisfies premedical requirements; presupposes algebra and trigonometry. Principles of classical and modern physics. Mechanics, conservation laws, heat, light, electricity and magnetism, waves, light and optics, atomic and nuclear physics. Lectures, discussions, and laboratory. Staff. 4 cr, PY 105 1st sem, PY 106 2nd sem. (NS) (lab) 105 - Required Related Course for SOME Env. Analysis and Policy majors.

PY 211 General Physics

Prereq: (CASMA123) or consent of instructor for students concurrently taking MA 123. Prereq: (CASMA124 & CASMA127) For premedical students who wish a more analytical course than CAS PY 105, 106, and for science concentrators and engineers. Basic principles of physics emphasizing Newtonian mechanics, conservation laws, thermal physics, electricity and magnetism, geometrical optics. Staff. 4 cr, 1st sem. Required course for Environmental Science Majors. Choose PY 211, 241 or 251.

CAS PY 233 Principles of Energy and Environmental Physics

The basic principles of physics are introduced through the perspective ofenergy use and its effect upon the environment. Topics include powergeneration, Newtonian mechanics, thermodynamics, electricity andmagnetism, electromagnetic radiation, atomic and nuclear physics,radioactivity, and fluid mechanics. Rohlf. 4 cr, 2nd sem. (NS) (lab)

PY 241 Principles of General Physics I

Prereq: (CASMA123) Coreq: (CASMA124 OR CASMA127) Calculus-based introduction to principles and methods of physics. Mechanics, heat, light, electricity and magnetism, atomic and nuclear physics, and relativity are treated. Topics relevant to medical science are emphasized. Ideal for premedical students. Erramilli. 4 cr, 1st sem. Required course for Environmental Science majors. Choose PY 211, 241 or 251.

PY 251 Principles of Physics

Prereq:CAS MA 123 or equivalent; CAS MA 124, MA 127, or consent of instructor for students currently enrolled in CAS MA 123. Coreq: CAS MA124 & CAS MA127 Introduction to mechanics, conservation laws, heat and thermodynamics, electrostatics, magnetism, alternating currents, electromagnetic radiation, geometrical optics. Primarily for physics, mathematics, and astronomy concentrators, but open to other students with a strong background in mathematics. Butler. 4cr, 1st sem. Required course for Environmental Science majors. Choose PY 211, 241 or 251.

Sociology

CAS SO 277 Technology and Society

Examines technology as a fundamental element of and dynamic force in oursociety with the aim of providing a balanced understanding of the promise,consequences, and dilemmas brought about by specific technologies and tobroaden students' perspectives and sense of social and professionalresponsibility for decisions related to technology. Combines both a liberalarts and an engineering perspective. Smith-Doerr. 4 cr, 2nd sem. Approved elective for the Human Institutions track.

CAS SO 304 Formal Organizations.

Formal organizations as social systems. Theory of bureaucracy and administrative functions. The bases of authority, communication systems, and formal and non formal ssturcutres. Organizational development, trends, and relations with the social environment. Barman. 4 cr, 2nd sem. Approved elective for the Human Institutions track.

CAS SO 310 Science in a Technological Society

Prereq: CAS SO 201, SO 203, or consent of instructor. Development andconsequences of the technological imperative. Science as a microcosm ofsociety; relationship between science and technology; emphasis on socialpolicy concerning the role of science and technology in society. TBA. 4 cr, 1st sem. Approved track elective for the Human Institutions track.

School of Public Health

SPH EH 708 Introduction to Environmental Health

Environmental factors are still the most important determinant of the healthstatus of the community. This course surveys the broad areas of this discipline,touching on the fundamentals of air pollution, the provision of pure water and ahealthful food supply, the basics of radiation protection, and the problems ofsolid and hazardous wastes. This core course does not carry concentrationcredit. Environmental Health concentrators substitute the concentration corecourse, EH 765 Survey of Environmental Health, for this MPH corerequirement. Students who take this course cannot take EH 765. 2 credits.(Clapp and staff)

SPH EH 764 Work and Health

This survey course in occupational health covers the nature and magnitude ofwork-related injuries and illnesses in the United States. Sociopolitical aspectsof occupational health, regulatory requirements, hazard assessment,compensation mechanisms, medical programs in the workplace, and healthproblems associated with occupational toxins are presented. The courseincludes at least one workplace site visit. Written requirements include anoccupational history, a site-visit report, a midterm, and a final examination.Although a medical/scientific background is helpful, it is not required. 4 credits. (Pepper)

SPH EH 765 Survey of Environmental Health

This course surveys broad areas of environmental health, including problemsassociated with contamination of air, water, food, and soil, as well as reviewsrisk assessment and the health of the urban environment. The course is requiredof all Environmental Health concentrators. Students who take this coursecannot take EH 708. 4 credits. (Gibson and Heiger-Bernays)

SPH EH 768 Principles of Toxicology

This introductory course presents the basic concepts of toxicology, includingdose-response relationships, biological and chemical factors that influencetoxicity, types of harmful effects, detoxication mechanisms, mechanisms ofcarcinogenesis, tumor promotion, mutagenesis, and the principles of testing fortoxic effects. A paper dealing with the intracellular and molecular mechanismsof toxicity of a chemical of the student's choice is required. The course assumesbasic knowledge of chemistry and biology. This course is required of all Environmental Health concentrators. 4 credits. (Heiger-Bernays)

SPH EH 803 Waste and Wastewater

Prereq: SPH EH 765 Survey of Environmental Health or consent of theinstructor. This course provides the student with a background on wastes andwastewater as related to public health issues. Process streams includingprimary, secondary, and tertiary treatment of municipal wastewater, septagedisposal, and sludge stabilization and disposal are presented along with currenttechnologies and limitations. Overland flow, slow-rate infiltration, and othereffluent land-treatment systems are described and discussed. Technologiesinvolving solid waste disposal, such as incineration, combustion with energyrecovery, and landfilling, are presented with particular emphasis on publichealth aspects. The course involves site/field visits and a paper. 4 credits. (Staff)

SPH EH 806 Development and the Environment

Prereq: consent of the instructor. This course focuses on environmental issuesin developing countries in the context of modernization in the agricultural andindustrial sectors. It examines the relationship between industrialized, Westerncountries and the developing nations, and explores the ways in which policiesand regulations in one country have an effect on other countries. Specificexamples that are discussed include international trade in hazardous products,environmental impacts of industrialization, pest control strategies, and theeffects of global climate on health. 4 credits. (Clapp and Hynes)

SPH EH 866 Risk Assessment Methods

Prereq: SPH EH 765 Survey of Environmental Health and SPH EH 768Principles of Toxicology. This seminar teaches the practical application of riskassessment methods to various environmental problems. The seminar uses theterm "public health risk assessment" to mean the fully quantitativecharacterization of the potential adverse health effects of human exposures toenvironmental hazards, with emphasis on potential human exposures to toxicorganic and inorganic chemicals. The lectures present the strengths andweaknesses of risk assessment methods, the inherent uncertainties in each step,and the relationship between risk assessment and risk management. 4 credits. (Schwab)

SPH LW 852 Environmental Health Law

Prereq: SPH LW 751 Public Health Law I. This course examines the legalframework for protection of environmental health and natural resources: federalregulation, state and local police powers, toxic tort liability, and other doctrines.Topics include air and water pollution, toxic chemicals and hazardous wastes,and new federal policies regarding pollution prevention, right to know,recycling, and enforcement. Special issues considered include health riskassessment, judicial review, economic incentives, and other alternatives toprescriptive regulation. A term paper is required. 4 credits. (Baram)