Fall 2003 - CAS IR/EE 594

Global Environmental Policy and Negotiation

Meets Thursdays
5:00 - 8:00PM

Room 107, Kenmore Classroom Building

Henrik Selin

Office Hours: Thursdays 4:00-5:00PM (Location TBA

I n t r o d u c t i o n

This is a course on global environmental policy. Environmental issues have gained increasing significance in international politics in recent years, and much effort has been invested in formulating international environmental policies. However, these efforts have been rife with complications. The scientific uncertainty that shrouds many environmental questions is compounded by the fact that environmental issues often lie at the conjunction of contentious political concerns such as national security, international trade and global governance. 

An even more polarizing factor is the environment-development link which has made international environmental policy a major arena of North-South conflict. The United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, held in Stockholm in 1972, the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, the World Summit on Sustainable Development, held in Johannesburg in 2002, and the myriad international environmental negotiations since then, including the negotiations on climate change, have highlighted both the significance and the complexity of international environmental policy. The subject of this course is this significance, and this complexity.

This course is designed as a 'window' on the field of global environment policy and seeks to provide a broad overview of the key concepts, actors, concerns and issues related to the subject. The goal is to understand the larger picture of intertwining relationships between natural, political, economic and social systems that shape global environmental policy. The course is divided into four modules. The first two provide an overview of the international system and of the global environmental problematique. Building on this understanding, the third module is structured around a suite of case studies which focus on the various approaches which have been adopted to tackle different global environmental issues. The final module seeks to a) synthesize the learning from the earlier modules to get a sense of the larger picture of how global environmental policy is actually shaped and the factors that contribute to it, b) to critically evaluate the efficacy of efforts in this direction, and c) to begin investigating alternative approaches that might lead to more effective global policies and a better process of global environmental decision-making.

R e q u i r e m e n t s

This is a core interdisciplinary course for students in the MA in International Relations and Environmental Policy (IREP) Program. It is primarily designed around the needs of these students. The course, however, is open to other graduate students and qualifying undergraduates. Students who have taken at least one prior course each in International Relations and in Environmental Studies and/or can demonstrate working familiarity with the basic principles of the two areas are qualified to take the class.

A t t e n d a n c e and G r a d i n g

Great importance will be placed on regular attendance (including arriving on time and not leaving early), active class participation, and timely submission of assignments. There will be a penalty for late submissions of assignments and for irregular attendance, although individual emergencies will be accommodated as far as possible. In such cases, students should make every effort to talk with the instructor before the said class.

The final grade for the class will be calculated as follows:

R    - Class Participation                                     15% (30 points)

R    - Reading Review                                          15% (30 points)

R    - Briefing Paper                                              15% (30 points)

R    - Simulation                                                    15% (30 points)

R    - Research Paper                                          40% (80 points)

TOTAL                                                                100% (200 points)

A s s i g n m e n t s

Assignments for the class will be explained in greater detail on the first day of class. In the case of some assignments (reading review and research paper), students will be called upon to share their assignment with the rest of the class in oral and/or written form. It will thus be especially important in these cases to complete the assignments in a good and timely manner; if only as a courtesy to the other students. In the case of the reading review and the briefing paper, students will be required to submit their work on different dates that will be determined during the first class meeting. Students are responsible for remembering when their assignments are due and submitting them properly. Students are also required to write a brief research paper.

Class Participation (15% of grade, 30 points)

Class meetings are designed to be a series of discussion meetings, rather than lecture meetings, with full participation by all students. Active student participation will be an important part of the class and students should come prepared to speak their mind and to be called upon to speak their mind! At the discretion of the instructor, there may also be a limited number of pop quizzes based on class readings that would also be part of the grade allotted to class participation.

Reading Review (15% of grade, 30 points)

Students will be assigned to review one selected reading. An 800-1000 word written reading review should be prepared. Students will be required to make a 3-5 minute oral presentation to the class based on the written review. Each written reading review should be handed to the instructor at the beginning of the class when it is due. The reading review is supposed to be a critical review, and not a summary of the readings. Students should focus more on evaluating the views of the author than on repeating or synthesizing them. A good review will clearly discuss which parts of the author"s arguments are most interesting and make the most sense, and why; and which are the least interesting and convincing, and why.

Briefing Paper (15% of grade, 30 points)

Students are required to write one briefing paper on a specific environmental organization, event or issue. The briefing paper should be 800 -1000 words long, and students may be called to lead the discussion in the relevant class. The important element in this assignment is information, not opinion. The use of pictures and a "fact-sheet style" of writing are permissible as long as the result is not too cryptic. Each briefing paper will be due on the class before the one when the said issue would be discussed. Students will be responsible for providing one copy of the paper to the instructor and one each to every student in class. These papers will become part of the required reading for the following class in which they will be discussed and critically evaluated by your peers. 

Negotiations Simulation (15% of grade, 30 points) 

Students will participate in an all-day international environmental negotiation role-play exercise on Saturday, November 15. Participation is absolutely compulsory. In lieu of this all day session, one regular class will be cancelled, allowing students for preparing for the negotiations simulation. Students are required to write an 800-1000 word reflection on lessons from the simulation to be presented to the instructor on November 20 (first class after the simulation).

Research Paper (40% of grade, 80 points)

A short research paper (8 pages for undergraduates and 12 pages for graduate students, single spaced) will be due by beginning of class on December 3. This research paper should both be a descriptive and a proscriptive analysis of a particular aspect of international environmental cooperation and policy-making. The paper should be properly referenced and footnoted and written in proper academic style. Paper topics will be discussed in class and each student will be required to present a paper topic in class on October 2.

A c a d e m i c   H o n e s t y

The American College Dictionary defines plagiarism as "Copying or imitating the language, ideas, or thoughts of another author and passing off the same as one"s original work." Plagiarism is intellectual theft and violates the student honor code. Exact quotations must have quotation marks and the appropriate citation. Paraphrases, even if not exact quotes, must nonetheless have the appropriate citation. Submitting a paper written by someone else, whether "borrowed" from a friend or purchased from a "service", even if updated, constitutes plagiarism.

Using the Internet for research is allowed and encouraged, but plagiarizing its resources is not allowed. Cheating of any sort, submitting the same work for more than one course, deliberately impeding the academic performance of others, and other forms of academic misconduct are serious offenses. As a general rule, if you have any doubts, give credit to the source; if you have any questions, talk to the instructor. Refer to the Academic Conduct Code which will be strictly enforced. 

R e a d i n g s and W e b s i t e s

There are 2 required textbooks for the course:

*    Ken Conca and Geoffrey D. Dabelko. 1998 (2nd Edition). Green Planet
Blues: Environmental Politics from Stockholm to Kyoto. Boulder: Westview Press.

*    Vandana Shiva. 1997. Biopiracy: The Plunder of Nature and Knowledge. Boston: South End Press.

The two textbooks are available for purchase at Barnes and Noble at Boston University Bookstore. In addition to the two text books, readings will be collected in a reading package, which is available at the Mugar Library and at the Center for Energy and Environmental Studies. To ensure meaningful class discussion, it is very important that students have read the assigned readings before the said class. 

During different sections of the course, the following websites may be useful:

United Nations: http://www.un.org/

United Nations Environment Programme: http://www.unep.org/

United Nations Division for Sustainable Development: http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/documents/agenda21/index.htm

Global Environment Facility: http://www.gefweb.org/

2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development: http://www.johannesburgsummit.org/

IISD Linkages: http://www.iisd.ca/linkages/

Earth Negotiations Bulletin: http://www.iisd.ca/linkages/enbvol/enb-background.htm

Environment News Service: http://ens-news.com/

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: http://www.epa.gov/

C o u r s e   O r g a n i z a t i o n & R e a d i n g s

Module I: The Environment as a Global Issue

This introductory module will provide a primer on the historical genesis and the organizational make-up of the international "system" within which global environmental politics is played out. It will trace the emergence of the environment on the international agenda and will focus on the key actors and institutions involved in the process. At the end of the module, all students will be expected to have a broad understanding of the international system and the differing goals and agendas of the key actors and institutions in global environmental policymaking.

September 4                                                                                                     Class #1

Course Introduction & Class Logistics

The International System
and the Environment

-     Ken Conca and Geoffrey Dabelko. 1998 (2nd Edition). "Twenty-five Years of Global Environmental Politics." Introduction to Green Planet Blues edited by Ken Conca and Geoffrey D. Dabelko. Pages 1-15. Boulder: Westview Press.

-     Ken Conca and Geoffrey Dabelko. 1998 (2nd Edition). "Introduction to Part II." In Green Planet Blues edited by Ken Conca and Geoffrey D. Dabelko. Pages 75-81. Boulder: Westview Press.

-     Edith Brown Weiss. 1999. "The Emerging Structure of International Environmental Law." The Global Environment: Institutions, Law, and Policy edited by Norman J. Vig and Regina S. Axelrod. Pages 98-115. Washington D.C.: CQ Press. (Reading Packet).

-     Ken Conca. 1998 (2nd Edition). "Rethinking the Ecology-Sovereignty Debate."  Chapter 7 in Green Planet Blues edited by Ken Conca and Geoffrey D. Dabelko.  Pages 85-93.  Boulder: Westview Press.

-     Adil Najam. 2002. "The Case Against GEO, WEO, or Whatever-else-EO". Chapter 3 in Global Environmental Institutions: Perspectives on Reform edited by Duncan Brack and Joy Hyvarinen. Pages 32-43. London: Royal Institute for International Affairs. (Reading Packet)

-     Bruce Rich. 1998 (2nd Edition). "The Emperor's New Clothes: The World Bank and Environmental Reform." Chapter 21 in Green Planet Blues edited by Conca and Dabelko.  Pages 201-211. Boulder: Westview Press.

-     Ken Conca and Geoffrey Dabelko. 1998 (2nd Edition). "Introduction to Part IV." In Green Planet Blues edited by Conca and Dabelko. Pages 171-175.  Boulder: Westview Press.

Institutions and Actors-II

Civil Society Actors

-     Paul Wapner. 1998 (2nd Edition). "Politics Beyond the State: Environmental Activism and World Civic Politics." Chapter 12 in Green Planet Blues edited by Ken Conca and Geoffrey D. Dabelko. Pages 118-130.  Boulder: Westview Press.

-     Mary L. Barker and Dietrich Soyez. 1998 (2nd Edition). "Think Locally, Act Globally? The Transnationalization of Canadian Resource-Use Conflicts."  Chapter 11 in Green Planet Blues edited by Ken Conca and Geoffrey D. Dabelko. Pages 107-117.  Boulder: Westview Press.

-     john mccormick. 1999. "The Role of Environmental NGOs in International Regimes."  The Global Environment: Institutions, Law, and Policy edited by Norman J. Vig and Regina S. Axelrod. Pages 52-71. Washington D.C.: CQ Press. (Reading Packet).

-     BCSD. 1998 (2nd Edition). "The Business of Sustainable Development." Chapter 27 in Green Planet Blues edited by Ken Conca and Geoffrey D. Dabelko. Pages 268-272.  Boulder: Westview Press.

Module II: The Environmental Problematique

This module will seek to address the following basic question: What, if any, are the key features of global environmental problems that make them different from other problems of international cooperation, and does tackling these problems pose an especially difficult challenge? Classes will be spent discussing the fundamental nature of the global environmental problematique.

Tragedy of the Commons
and Limits to Growth

-     Garrett Hardin. 1998 (2nd Edition). "The Tragedy of the Commons." Chapter 3 in Green Planet Blues edited by Ken Conca and Geoffrey D. Dabelko. Pages 40-47. Boulder: Westview Press.

-     Susan J. Buck. 1998 (2nd Edition). "No Tragedy on the Commons." Chapter 4 in Green Planet Blues edited by Ken Conca and Geoffrey D. Dabelko. Pages 48-54.  Boulder: Westview Press.

-     David Feeny, et al. 1998 (2nd Edition). "The Tragedy of the Commons: Twenty-two Years Later." Chapter 5 in Green Planet Blues edited by Ken Conca and Geoffrey D. Dabelko. Pages 55-64. Boulder: Westview Press.

-     Donella H. Meadows ET Al. 1998 (2nd Edition). "The Limits to Growth." Chapter 1 in Green Planet Blues edited by Ken Conca and Geoffrey D. Dabelko. Pages 27-31. Boulder: Westview Press.

-     Julian L. Simon. 1990. "Life on Earth is Getting Better, Not Worse" and "Now (I Think) I Understand the Ecologists Better". Chapters 1 and 50 in Population Matters.  Pages 21-38 and 452-457.  New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers.  (Reading Packet)

Environment and Security

-     Ken Conca and Geoffrey Dabelko. 1998 (2nd Edition). "Introduction to Part VI."  In Green Planet Blues edited by Ken Conca and Geoffrey D. Dabelko. Pages 281-285.  Boulder: Westview Press.

-     Thomas F. Homer-Dixon. 1998 (2nd Edition). "Environmental Scarcities and Violent Conflict: Evidence from Cases." Chapter 29 in Green Planet Blues edited by Ken Conca and Geoffrey D. Dabelko. Pages 287-297. Boulder: Westview Press.

-     UNDP. 1998 (2nd Edition). "New Dimensions of Human Security." Chapter 30 in Green Planet Blues edited by Ken Conca and Geoffrey D. Dabelko. Pages 298-303. Boulder: Westview Press.

-     Daniel Deudney. 1998 (2nd Edition). "The Case Against Linking Environmental Degradation and National Security." Chapter 31 in Green Planet Blues edited by Ken Conca and Geoffrey D. Dabelko. Pages 304-313.  Boulder: Westview Press.

-     Adil Najam. 2002. "Environment and Security: Exploring the Links". The Environmental Dimensions of Human Security: Perspectives from South Asia edited by Adil Najam. Pages 1-25. Lanham, MD: University Press of America. (Reading Packet)

-     Somaya Saad. 1998 (2nd Edition). "For Whose Benefit? Redefining Security."  Chapter 32 in Green Planet Blues edited by Ken Conca and Geoffrey D. Dabelko.  Pages 314-316. Boulder: Westview Press.

Before this class, each student should calculate their own personal ecological footprint: http://www.lead.org/leadnet/footprint/intro.htm

Population vs. Consumption

-     Adil Najam. 1996. "A Developing Countries" Perspective on Population, Environment, and Development." Population Research and Policy Review, 15(1): 1-19. (Reading Packet).

-     Gita Sen. 1998 (2nd Edition). "Women, Poverty and Population: Issues for the Concerned Environmentalist." Chapter 34 in Green Planet Blues edited by Ken Conca and Geoffrey D. Dabelko. Pages 328-336.  Boulder: Westview Press.

-     William Ophuls. 1998 (2nd Edition). "The Scarcity Society." Chapter 6 in Green Planet Blues edited by Ken Conca and Geoffrey D. Dabelko. Pages 65-71. Boulder: Westview Press.

-     Alan T. Durning. 1998 (2nd Edition). "How Much is Enough?" Chapter 28 in Green Planet Blues edited by Ken Conca and Geoffrey D. Dabelko. Pages 273-278. Boulder: Westview Press

Collective Action in an Unequal World

-     Joao Augusto de Araujo Castro. 1998 (2nd Edition). "Environment and Development: The Case of the Developing Countries." Chapter 2 in Green Planet Blues edited by Ken Conca and Geoffrey D. Dabelko.  Pages 32-39.  Boulder: Westview.

-     Nancy Lee Peluso. 1998 (2nd Edition). "Coercing Conservation." Chapter 36 in Green Planet Blues edited by Ken Conca and Geoffrey D. Dabelko. Pages 343-352. Boulder: Westview Press.

-     Ken Conca and Geoffrey Dabelko. 1998 (2nd Edition). "Introduction to Part VII." In Green Planet Blues edited by Ken Conca and Geoffrey D. Dabelko.  Pages 319-323. Boulder: Westview Press.

-     Henrik Selin and noelle eckley. 2003. "Science, Politics and Persistent Organic Pollutants: The Role of Scientific Assessments in International Environmental Cooperation" International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics 3(1): 17-42. (Reading Packet).

-     Sheila Jasanoff. 1998 (2nd Edition). "Skinning Scientific Cats." Chapter 15 in Green Planet Blues edited by Ken Conca and Geoffrey D. Dabelko. Pages 153-156. Boulder: Westview Press.

-     Lawrence Susskind. 1994. "The Need for a Better Balance between Science and Politics." Chapter 4 in Environmental Diplomacy by Lawrence Susskind. Pages 62-81 (Reading Packet).

-     Sheila Jasanoff. 1996 "Is Science Socially Constructed -- And Can It Still Inform Public Policy?" Science and Engineering Ethics 2(3): 263-276. (Reading Packet)

      -     Poul HarremoËs et al. 2002. The Precautionary Principle in the 20^th Century: Late Lessons from Early Warnings. London: Earthscan. Chapter 1 "Introduction" and Chapter 16 "Twelve late Lessons." (Reading Package). Also available at http://reports.eea.eu.int/environmental_issue_report_2001_22/en

Student Research Paper Discussion

Oral and written presentation of research paper topic and tentative paper outline (1 page).

Module III: Managing Planet Earth

This module will present a selection of case studies in global environmental policy. We will begin with a discussion on the role of multi-issue "summits" on the environment and will proceed to discussions on global efforts towards managing specific environmental problems. The main focus of these classes will be on understanding and evaluating the various policy approaches used in these different cases. Although the focus will be on the policy, rather than the scientific, debates on these issues, students will be expected to become familiar with the key scientific aspects of each environmental issue. In addition, this module will include a negotiations simulation in which students will be assigned various country or NGO roles and will participate in a role-play exercise to negotiate a global agreement on managing the use of organochlorines. More on the simulations, including detailed role instructions and background material, will be provided in class.

October 9                                                                                                                  Class #6

The Plot to Save the Planet:

From Stockholm to Rio

-           Björn-Ola Linnér and Henrik Selin. 2003. "How It All Began: Global Efforts on Sustainable Development from Stockholm to Rio." Paper presented at 6th Nordic Conference on Environmental Social Sciences, Åbo, Finland, June 2003. (Reading Packet).

-     World Commission on Environment and Development. 1998 (2nd Edition).  "Towards Sustainable Development."  Chapter 23 in Green Planet Blues edited by Ken Conca and Geoffrey D. Dabelko.  Pages 229-239.  Boulder: Westview Press.

-     Ken Conca and Geoffrey Dabelko. 1998 (2nd Edition). "Introduction to Part I."  In Green Planet Blues edited by Ken Conca and Geoffrey D. Dabelko. Pages 19-25.  Boulder: Westview Press.

-     Ken Conca and Geoffrey Dabelko. 1998 (2nd Edition). "The Earth Summit: Reflections on an Ambiguous Event." Chapter 17 in Green Planet Blues edited by Ken Conca and Geoffrey D. Dabelko. Pages 161-167. Boulder: Westview Press.

-     Mahatir Mohamad. 1998 (2nd Edition). "Statement to UNCED."  Chapter 33 in Green Planet Blues edited by Ken Conca and Geoffrey D. Dabelko. Pages 325-327. Boulder: Westview Press.

The Plot Continues:

From Rio to Johannesburg

-     Adil Najam ET AL. 2002. "From Rio to Johannesburg: Progress and Prospects." Environment, 44(7): 26-38. (Reading Packet).

-     James Gustave speth. 2003. "Perspectives on the Johannesburg Summit." Environment, 45(1): 24-29. (Reading Packet).

-     Sharachchandra M. Lele.  1998 (2nd Edition). "Sustainable Development: A Critical Review."  Chapter 25 in Green Planet Blues edited by Ken Conca and Geoffrey D. Dabelko.  Pages 245-256.  Boulder: Westview Press.

-     Larry Lohmann.  1998 (2nd Edition).  "Whose Common Future?" Chapter 24 in Green Planet Blues edited by Ken Conca and Geoffrey D. Dabelko. Pages 240-244.  Boulder: Westview Press.

-     Tanvi Nagpal. 1998 (2nd Edition). "Voices from the Developing World: Progress Toward Sustainable Development." Chapter 26 in Green Planet Blues edited by Ken Conca and Geoffrey D. Dabelko. Pages 257-267.  Boulder: Westview Press.

-     United Nations Division for Sustainable Development: http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/documents/agenda21/index.htm

-     2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development: http://www.johannesburgsummit.org/

-     Gareth Porter, Janet Welsh Brown and Pamela S. Chasek. 2000. "The Emergence of Global Environmental Politics" In Creating Global Environmental Politics International Regimes. Colorado: Westview Press. Pages 1-21. (Reading Packet).

-     Oran Young. 1998. "The Stages of International Regime Formation" In Creating International Regimes. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Pages 1-28. (Reading Packet).

Ozone Depletion

-     Richard Elliot Benedick. 1998 (2nd Edition). "Ozone Diplomacy."  Chapter 13 in Green Planet Blues edited by Ken Conca and Geoffrey D. Dabelko. Pages 141-148.  Boulder: Westview Press.

-     Edward Parson. 1996. "International Protection of the Ozone Layer?." Green Globe Yearbook, 1996. Pages 19-28. London: Oxford University Press.  (Reading Packet).

-     The Ozone Secretariat: http://www.unep.org/ozone/montreal.shtml

Acid Rain

-     Ellis B. Cowling. 1982. "Acid Precipitation in Historical Perspective."  Environmental Science and Technology, 16(2): 110A-123A.  (Reading Packet).

-     Jørgen Wettestad. 2002. "Clearing the Air: Europe Tackles Transboundary Pollution."  Environment, 44(2): 31-40.  (Reading Packet).

-     don munton. 1997. "Acid Rain and Transboundary Air Quality in Canadian-American Relations." American Review of Canadian Studies 27(3): 327-358. (Reading Packet)

-     Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution: http://www.unece.org/env/lrtap/

Biodiversity and Trade in Endangered Species

-     David Harland. 1990. "Jumping on the "Ban' Wagon: Efforts to Save the African Elephant."  Fletcher Forum of World Affairs, 14(2): 284-300.  (Reading Packet).

-     Aarti Gupta. 2000. "Governing Trade in Genetically Modified Organisms: The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety."  Environment, 42(4): 22-33.  (Reading Packet).

*    Vandana Shiva. 1997. Biopiracy: The Plunder of Nature and Knowledge. Boston: South End Press.

-     The Convention on Biological Diversity: http://www.biodiv.org/

Hazardous Chemicals

-     Jonathan Krueger and Henrik selin. 2002. "Governance for Sound Chemicals Management: The Need for a More Comprehensive Global Strategy" Global Governance 8(3): 323-342. (Reading Packet).

-     Henrik Selin and noelle eckley. 2003. "Science, Politics and Persistent Organic Pollutants: The Role of Scientific Assessments in International Environmental Cooperation."  International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics 3(1): 17-42. (Reading Packet).

-     The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants: http://www.pops.int/

-     The Rotterdam Convention on Prior Informed Consent: http://www.pic.int/

-    The CLRTAP Protocol on Persistent Organic Pollutants: http://www.unece.org/env/lrtap/pops_h1.htm

The Transboundary Management of Hazardous Wastes

-     Mark A. Montgomery. 1990. "Traveling Toxic Trash: An Analysis of the 1989 Basel Convention." Fletcher Forum of World Affairs, 14(2): 313-26. (Reading Packet).

-     Jonathan Krueger. 1999. "What's to Become of Trade in Hazardous Wastes?: The Basel Convention One Decade Later." Environment, 41(9): 11-21. (Reading Packet).

-     Jon Swain. 1997. "Toxic Waste Sent to Bosnia as Aid." Third World Resurgence (77/78): 5. (Reading Packet).

-     Peter S. Goodman. 2003. "China Serves as Dump Site For Computers: Unsafe Recycling Practice Grows Despite Import Ban." Washington Post February 24, 2003, A01. (Reading Packet).

-     The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal: http://www.basel.int/

-     Michael R. Molitor. 1999. "The United Nations Climate Change Agreements." The Global Environment: Institutions, Law, and Policy edited by Norman J. Vig and Regina S. Axelrod. Pages 210-235. Washington D.C.: CQ Press. (Reading Packet).

-     Adil Najam and Thomas Page. 1998. "Climate Convention: Deciphering the Kyoto Protocol" Environmental Conservation, 25(3): 187-94. (Reading Packet).

-     Anil Agarwal and Sunita Narain.  1998 (2nd Edition). "Global Warming in an Unequal World: A Case of Environmental Colonialism." Chapter 16 in Green Planet Blues edited by Ken Conca and Geoffrey D. Dabelko. Pages 157-160.  Boulder: Westview Press.

-     Eugene B. Skolnikoff. 1999. "The Role of Science in Policy: The Climate Change Debate in the United States." Environment, 41(5): 16-20, 42-45. (Reading Packet).

-     United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change: http://unfccc.int/

-     The Kyoto Protocol Thermometer: http://unfccc.int/resource/kpthermo.html

-     Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: http://www.ipcc.ch/

-     US EPA Global Warming Site: http://yosemite.epa.gov/oar/globalwarming.nsf/content/index.html (Some pages from this website have been printed and are available in the Reading Package).

Introduction to International Negotiations Simulation

-     Ken Conca and Geoffrey Dabelko. 1998 (2nd Edition). "Introduction to Part III." In Green Planet Blues edited by Ken Conca and Geoffrey D. Dabelko.  Pages 133-137. Boulder: Westview Press.

No Class
(In lieu of Weekend Simulation)

Student Paper Discussion

Module IV: Synthesis and Wrap-Up

This final module will seek to synthesize what we have learned from this course. This will be an opportunity for students to identify key issues and provide prescriptive advice based on class discussions, insights from the negotiations simulation, and research conducted in connection with writing the Research Paper.

Trade and the Environment

-     Jagdish Bhagwati.  1998 (2nd Edition).  "The Case for Free Trade."  Chapter 18 in Green Planet Blues edited by Ken Conca and Geoffrey D. Dabelko.  Pages 179-186.  Boulder: Westview Press.

-     Herman E. Daly.  1998 (2nd Edition).  "The Perils of Free Trade."  Chapter 19 in Green Planet Blues edited by Conca and Dabelko.  Pages 187-194.  Boulder: Westview.

-     IISD.  1998 (2nd Edition).  "Trade and Sustainable Development."  Chapter 20 in Green Planet Blues edited by Conca and Dabelko. Pages 195-200. Boulder: Westview Press.

-     Adil Najam and Nick Robins. 2001. "Seizing the Future: The South, Sustainable Development and International Trade." International Affairs, 77(1): 49-68.  (Reading Packet).

-     Adil Najam.  2002.  "Towards a New Global Agenda on Trade and Sustainable Development."  Chapter 9 in Trade and Environment: Difficult Policy Choices at the Interface edited by Shahrukh Rafi Khan. Pages 213-233.  London: Zed Books.  (Reading Packet).

-     The World Trade Organization: http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/envir_e/envir_e.htm

-     Carnegie Endowment for International Peace: Trade, Equity and Development: http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/envir_e/envir_e.htm

Implementing International Environmental Agreements

-     Ruth Greenspan Bell. 1998 (2nd Edition). "Do International Environmental Agreements Really Work?."  Chapter 14 in Green Planet Blues edited by Ken Conca and Geoffrey D. Dabelko.  Pages 149-152.  Boulder: Westview Press

-     Michael Faure and Jürgen Lefevere. 1999. "Compliance with International Environmental Agreements." The Global Environment: Institutions, Law, and Policy edited by Norman J. Vig and Regina S. Axelrod. Pages 138-156. Washington D.C.: CQ Press. (Reading Packet).

-     Lawrence Susskind. 1994. "Monitoring and Enforcement in the Face of Sovereignty" Chapter 6 in Environmental Diplomacy by Lawrence Susskind. Pages 99-121. (Reading Packet).

-     David Victor and Eugene B. Skolnikoff. 1999. "Translating Intent into Action."  Environment, 41(2): 16-20, 39-44. (Reading Packet).

-     Edith Brown Weiss and Harold K. Jacobson. 1999. "Getting Countries to Comply with International Agreements."  Environment, 41(6): 16-20, 37-46.  (Reading Packet).

Future Challenges to Effective

Global Environmental Policy Making

Class Wrap-up

Class #1             September 4          - Course Introduction & Class Logistics

                                                         - The International System and the Environment

Class #2             September 11        - Institutions and Actors-I: The Policymakers

                                                         - Institutions and Actors-II: Civil Society Actors

   Class #3             September 18        - Tragedy of the Commons & Limits to Growth

                                                         - Environment and Security

Class #4             September 25        - Population vs. Consumption

                                                         - Collective Action in an Unequal World

Class #5             October 2               - Science and Technology for the Environment

                                                         - Student Research Paper Discussion

Class #6             October 9               - The Plot to Save the Planet: From Stockholm to Rio

                                                         - The Plot Continues: From Rio to Johannesburg

Class #7             October 16             - International Environmental Treaty Making

                                                         - Ozone Depletion

Class #8             October 23             - Acid Rain

                                                         - Biodiversity and Trade in Endangered Species

Class #9             October 30             - Hazardous Chemicals

                                                         - The Transboundary Management of Hazardous Wastes

Class #10           November 6           - Climate Change

                                                         - Introduction to Negotiations Simulation

Class #11          November 13         - NO CLASS - In lieu of Negotiations Simulation

Saturday           November 15         - Environmental Negotiations Simulation

Class #12          November 20         - Learning from the Chlorine Game

                                                            - Student Research Paper Discussion

                           November 27         - NO CLASS-Thanksgiving Weekend

Class #13           December 4           - Trade and the Environment

- Implementing International Environmental Agreements

Class #14           December 11         - Future Challenges to Effective Global Environmental Policy     Making and Class Wrap-up